Notas sobre Chernobyl¹: análise de alguns aspectos relacionados às situações de trabalho da usina nuclear de Pripyat / About Chernobyl: analysis of some factors related to work situations in Pripyat nuclear power plant

A partir da série televisiva Chernobyl e dos relatos do livro de Svetlana Aleksiévitch, Vozes de Tchernóbyl, que tratam do acidente nuclear em Pripyat, em 1986, este artigo discute os aspectos relacionados às condições e às relações de trabalho que as cenas evocam. A tragédia de Chernobyl pode ser vista como um acidente de trabalho, tendo ocasionado entre 4.000 e 93.000 mortes. Os aspectos que se pretende examinar dizem respeito às relações de poder, à relação entre o trabalho prescrito e o trabalho real e demais fatores. Na análise proposta, serão usadas as contribuições da psicodinâmica do trabalho, da saúde do trabalhador, da ergonomia francófona e de discussões teóricas acerca do mundo do trabalho. Ainda que as reflexões aqui levantadas sejam suscitadas a partir de adaptações constituídas de doses variáveis de ficção, elas podem ser úteis à discussão de aspectos que podem levar ao adoecimento no trabalho.

Based on the sitcom Chernobyl and the stories of Svetlana Aleksiévitch's book, Tchernobyl voices, about the Pripyat's nuclear accident in 1986, this article discusses aspects related to the work relations and conditions that are evoked by the scenes. The Chernobyl tragedy can be seen as a work accident that caused 4000 to 93000 deaths. The aspects to be discussed are related to power relations, the relation between prescribed work and real work, and others. In the proposed analysis, contributions of work psychodynamics, worker health, French ergonomy and theoretical discussions about the work world will be used. And even with the fact that these reflections are caused by some variable parts of fiction, they can be useful to the discussion of the aspects that may lead to disease in work.

Pulmonary disorder and present nuclear denotation: a brief summary

There are many health effects caused by leaked radiation from damaged reactors of a nuclear power plant. However, the effect on pulmonary system is not reported much. Focusing on the present nuclear denotation crisis in Japan, it is wise to review on the specific issue of pulmonary disorder and nuclear denotation. Several disorders of interest, including malignancy and non-malignancy disorders, are mentioned in the literature

Effect of ionizing radiation on development process of T-cell population lymphocytes in Chernobyl children

The aim of preliminary study was determined development process status of T-cell population lymphocytes in Ukrainian children after 22 years from Chernobyl accident for next feasibility study. 150 participants aged 6 to 16 years are included in three groups: Group I [n=65], 30 to 60 km from center accident at zone 3th, Group II [n=65] 60 to 90 km from same location at zone 4[th] and control group [n=20] from Kiev, 100 km from same location. Peripheral blood leukocytes from buffy coats were analyzed for T-lymphocytes population such as T-lymphocytes [CD3], T-helper [CD4] and T-cytotoxic [CD8] by roseting method using erythrocytes that conjugated with monoclonal antibody against CD3, CD4, and CD8 receptors; then CD4/CD8 ratio were calculated. Percentage of CD3 and CD4 in groups II and I decreased significantly in compared to control group at P<0.001. Percent of CD8 decreased significantly in group I compared to control group at P <0.001. CD4/ CD8 ratio decreased significantly in-group I comparison to control group at P=0.02. Leucocytes count in groups II and I have not changed significantly in comparison to control group [P=0.09,P=0.4] but in group II, it was significantly different in comparison to group I at P <0.008. Our data show that after 2 decade of Chernobyl accident, ionizing radiation may have affected the developmental processes of T-cell population

Childhood thyroid cancer in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine after Chernobyl and at present

Thyroid cancer in children is usually rare, but in the individuals exposed to radiation risk of disease increases considerably. After the Chernobyl accident in 1986, an over 10-fold maximal elevation in the incidence of thyroid cancer was registered about a decade later, cumulatively resulting in more than a thousand of newly diagnosed cases in children who lived in the territories of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine affected by radioactive fallouts. Experience from the epidemic substantially promoted knowledge in clinical pediatric oncology, pathology and basic sciences. This article overviews epidemiology, clinical features, results of treatment and follow-up of childhood patients with radiation-induced Chernobyl thyroid cancer in comparison to sporadic cases diagnosed at present. In addition, we discuss general issues of pathology and molecular findings in childhood thyroid carcinomas.

O câncer de tiróide é habitualmente raro em crianças, mas em indivíduos expostos a radiação o risco da doença aumenta consideravelmente. Cerca de uma década após o acidente de Chernobil, em 1986, foi registrado um aumento de mais de 10 vezes na incidência de câncer de tiróide, resultando cumulativamente em mais de mil novos casos diagnosticados em crianças que viviam nos territórios da Bielorrússia, Russia, e Ucrânia, afetadas pela chuva radioativa. A experiência com essa epidemia resultou em conhecimento substancial de oncologia pediátrica clínica, patologia e ciências básicas. Este artigo analisa a epidemiologia, os achados clínicos, os resultados do tratamento e a evolução de pacientes pediátricos com câncer de tiróide induzido pela radiação de Chernobil, em comparação com casos esporádicos diagnosticados atualmente. Adicionalmente, serão discutidos tópicos de patologia e achados moleculares no carcinoma de tiróide infantil.

The Chernobyl accident 20 years on: an assessment of the health consequences and the international response

Twenty years after the Chernobyl accident the WHO and the International Atomic Energy Authority issued a reassuring statement about the consequences. Our objectives in this study were to evaluate the health impact of the Chernobyl accident, assess the international response to the accident, and consider how to improve responses to future accidents. So far, radiation to the thyroid from radioisotopes of iodine has caused several thousand cases of thyroid cancer but very few deaths; exposed children were most susceptible. The focus on thyroid cancer has diverted attention from possible nonthyroid effects. The international response to the accident was inadequate and uncoordinated, and has been unjustifiably reassuring. Accurate assessment in future health effects is not currently possible in the light of dose uncertainties, current debates over radiation actions, and the lessons from the late consequences of atomic bomb exposure. Because of the uncertainties from and the consequences of the accident, it is essential that investigations of its effects should be broadened and supported for the long term. The United Nations should initiate an independent review of the actions and assignments of the agencies concerned, with recommendations for dealing with future international-scale accidents. These should involve independent scientists and ensure cooperation rather than rivalry.

Vinte anos após o acidente de Chernobyl ocorrido em 1986, a OMS e a Autoridade Internacional sobre Energia Atômica lançaram um relatório sobre as conseqüências desse desastre. Nosso objetivo neste estudo é avaliar o impacto de tal acidente sobre a saúde e a reação internacional sobre o ocorrido, além de considerar se é possível melhorar as respostas em futuros desastres. Observamos que a radiação sobre a tireóide, proveniente de radioisótopos de iodo, causou milhares de casos de câncer, mas poucas mortes; as crianças expostas foram as mais suscetíveis. O foco no câncer de tireóide, porém, distraiu a atenção de especialistas sobre outros possíveis efeitos. A resposta internacional ao acidente foi inadequada, descoordenada e injustificavelmente tranqüilizadora. Acurada avaliação sobre efeitos futuros nem sempre é possível por causa de uma certa dose de incertezas frente ao estágio atual dos debates sobre radiação. É essencial que investigações sobre efeitos e conseqüências do desastre possam ser socializadas e apoiadas por um longo período de tempo. Por causa das inadequadas respostas internacionais ao problema, a ONU deveria iniciar uma revisão independente a respeito das ações e responsabilidades das agências, com recomendações de como agir em futuros desastres. Isso deveria envolver cientistas independentes e não que atuassem em competição.